{ "data_version": "seed-0.1 · 2026-08-28", "source": "https://banking.foundation", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "disclaimer": "Approximate reference data; not real-time; not legal or investment advice.", "collection": "banks", "count": 28, "data": [ { "id": "jpmorgan-chase", "name": "JPMorgan Chase", "legal_name": "JPMorgan Chase & Co.", "type": "Commercial", "country": "united-states", "headquarters": "New York City", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 2000, "regulator": "Federal Reserve / OCC", "license_note": "Its principal banking subsidiary, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., operates under a US national bank charter granted by the OCC.", "services": [ "Retail banking", "Commercial banking", "Investment banking", "Asset & wealth management", "Payments" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 4000, "website": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com", "description": "The largest US bank by total assets, formed in 2000 by the merger of J.P. Morgan & Co. and Chase Manhattan, with corporate heritage dating to 1799. It operates across consumer banking, corporate and investment banking, and asset management worldwide." }, { "id": "bank-of-america", "name": "Bank of America", "legal_name": "Bank of America Corporation", "type": "Commercial", "country": "united-states", "headquarters": "Charlotte", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 1998, "regulator": "Federal Reserve / OCC", "license_note": "Its main subsidiary, Bank of America, N.A., holds a US national bank charter supervised by the OCC.", "services": [ "Retail banking", "Commercial banking", "Investment banking", "Wealth management (Merrill)", "Credit cards" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 3300, "website": "https://www.bankofamerica.com", "description": "One of the largest US banks, created in its current form by the 1998 merger of NationsBank and BankAmerica, with roots going back to the Bank of Italy founded in 1904. It serves consumers, businesses, and institutions across banking, markets, and wealth management." }, { "id": "citigroup", "name": "Citigroup", "legal_name": "Citigroup Inc.", "type": "Commercial", "country": "united-states", "headquarters": "New York City", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 1998, "regulator": "Federal Reserve / OCC", "license_note": "Its core banking subsidiary, Citibank, N.A., operates under a US national bank charter supervised by the OCC.", "services": [ "Corporate banking", "Investment banking", "Markets & securities services", "Treasury & trade solutions", "Retail banking", "Credit cards" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 2400, "website": "https://www.citigroup.com", "description": "A global US banking group formed by the 1998 merger of Citicorp and Travelers Group, with banking heritage dating to the City Bank of New York founded in 1812. It is known for its large cross-border corporate banking and treasury network." }, { "id": "hsbc", "name": "HSBC", "legal_name": "HSBC Holdings plc", "type": "Commercial", "country": "united-kingdom", "headquarters": "London", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 1865, "regulator": "PRA / FCA", "license_note": "UK-incorporated holding company supervised by the PRA and FCA, with major licensed subsidiaries including The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation regulated by the HKMA.", "services": [ "Retail banking", "Commercial banking", "Global banking & markets", "Wealth & private banking", "Trade finance" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 3000, "website": "https://www.hsbc.com", "description": "A London-headquartered global banking group founded in Hong Kong in 1865 to finance trade between Europe and Asia. It remains one of the world's largest banks, with a strong presence in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East." }, { "id": "bnp-paribas", "name": "BNP Paribas", "legal_name": "BNP Paribas S.A.", "type": "Commercial", "country": "france", "headquarters": "Paris", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 2000, "regulator": "ECB (SSM)", "license_note": "French credit institution supervised directly by the ECB under the Single Supervisory Mechanism as a significant institution.", "services": [ "Retail banking", "Corporate & institutional banking", "Investment banking", "Asset management", "Insurance" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 2900, "website": "https://group.bnpparibas", "description": "The largest bank in the euro area by total assets, formed in 2000 by the merger of Banque Nationale de Paris and Paribas. It operates retail networks in several European countries alongside a large corporate and institutional banking arm." }, { "id": "deutsche-bank", "name": "Deutsche Bank", "legal_name": "Deutsche Bank AG", "type": "Commercial", "country": "germany", "headquarters": "Frankfurt", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 1870, "regulator": "ECB (SSM) / BaFin", "license_note": "German credit institution supervised directly by the ECB under the Single Supervisory Mechanism, with BaFin as the national authority.", "services": [ "Corporate banking", "Investment banking", "Private banking", "Asset management (DWS)" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 1400, "website": "https://www.db.com", "description": "Germany's largest bank, founded in 1870 in Berlin to support German foreign trade. Today it combines corporate and investment banking with private banking and the majority-owned asset manager DWS." }, { "id": "ubs", "name": "UBS", "legal_name": "UBS Group AG", "type": "Commercial", "country": "switzerland", "headquarters": "Zurich", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 1862, "regulator": "FINMA", "license_note": "Swiss-licensed banking group supervised by FINMA; its history traces to the Bank in Winterthur (1862), with the modern group formed by the 1998 UBS–SBC merger.", "services": [ "Wealth management", "Retail & corporate banking (Switzerland)", "Investment banking", "Asset management" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 1700, "website": "https://www.ubs.com", "description": "Switzerland's largest bank and one of the world's biggest wealth managers, formed in its present shape by the 1998 merger of Union Bank of Switzerland and Swiss Bank Corporation. It acquired Credit Suisse in 2023." }, { "id": "santander", "name": "Santander", "legal_name": "Banco Santander, S.A.", "type": "Commercial", "country": "spain", "headquarters": "Boadilla del Monte (Madrid)", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 1857, "regulator": "ECB (SSM)", "license_note": "Spanish credit institution supervised directly by the ECB under the Single Supervisory Mechanism, with Banco de España as the national authority.", "services": [ "Retail banking", "Commercial banking", "Consumer finance", "Corporate & investment banking", "Payments" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 1900, "website": "https://www.santander.com", "description": "Spain's largest banking group, founded in 1857 in the city of Santander. It runs major retail banking operations across Europe and the Americas, notably in Spain, the UK, Brazil, and Mexico." }, { "id": "icbc", "name": "ICBC", "legal_name": "Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited", "type": "Commercial", "country": "china", "headquarters": "Beijing", "ownership": "State-owned", "founded": 1984, "regulator": "NFRA (China)", "license_note": "State-controlled commercial bank licensed and supervised by China's National Financial Regulatory Administration; its shares are also listed in Shanghai and Hong Kong.", "services": [ "Corporate banking", "Retail banking", "Treasury operations", "Trade finance", "Asset management" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 6300, "website": "https://www.icbc-ltd.com", "description": "The world's largest bank by total assets, established in 1984 as part of China's banking reforms. It is majority state-owned and serves a vast corporate and retail customer base in China and abroad." }, { "id": "mufg", "name": "MUFG", "legal_name": "Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.", "type": "Commercial", "country": "japan", "headquarters": "Tokyo", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 2005, "regulator": "JFSA", "license_note": "Japanese bank holding company regulated by the Financial Services Agency; its core banking subsidiary is MUFG Bank, Ltd.", "services": [ "Retail banking", "Corporate banking", "Trust banking", "Securities", "Global markets" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 2700, "website": "https://www.mufg.jp", "description": "Japan's largest banking group, formed in 2005 by the merger of Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group and UFJ Holdings. It combines commercial banking, trust banking, and securities businesses and holds a large stake in Morgan Stanley." }, { "id": "dbs", "name": "DBS", "legal_name": "DBS Group Holdings Ltd", "type": "Commercial", "country": "singapore", "headquarters": "Singapore", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 1968, "regulator": "MAS", "license_note": "Holds a full bank licence in Singapore supervised by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.", "services": [ "Retail banking", "Wealth management", "Institutional banking", "Treasury & markets", "Digital banking" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 550, "website": "https://www.dbs.com", "description": "Southeast Asia's largest bank, founded in 1968 as The Development Bank of Singapore. It is widely cited as a leader in digital transformation among incumbent banks, with operations across Asia." }, { "id": "goldman-sachs", "name": "Goldman Sachs", "legal_name": "The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.", "type": "Investment", "country": "united-states", "headquarters": "New York City", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 1869, "regulator": "Federal Reserve", "license_note": "Converted to a Federal Reserve-regulated bank holding company in 2008; its deposit-taking arm is Goldman Sachs Bank USA.", "services": [ "Investment banking", "Sales & trading", "Asset management", "Wealth management", "Transaction banking" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 1600, "website": "https://www.goldmansachs.com", "description": "A leading global investment bank founded in 1869, prominent in mergers and acquisitions advisory, securities underwriting, and trading. It became a bank holding company during the 2008 financial crisis." }, { "id": "morgan-stanley", "name": "Morgan Stanley", "legal_name": "Morgan Stanley", "type": "Investment", "country": "united-states", "headquarters": "New York City", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 1935, "regulator": "Federal Reserve", "license_note": "Became a Federal Reserve-regulated bank holding company in 2008 and operates US bank subsidiaries alongside its broker-dealer businesses.", "services": [ "Investment banking", "Sales & trading", "Wealth management", "Investment management" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 1200, "website": "https://www.morganstanley.com", "description": "A global investment bank founded in 1935 when partners left J.P. Morgan following the Glass-Steagall Act. It now pairs institutional securities with one of the world's largest wealth management franchises." }, { "id": "federal-reserve", "name": "Federal Reserve System", "legal_name": "Federal Reserve System", "type": "Central", "country": "united-states", "headquarters": "Washington, D.C.", "ownership": "Public institution", "founded": 1913, "regulator": "U.S. Congress (oversight)", "license_note": "Created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 as the central bank of the United States, comprising the Board of Governors and twelve regional Reserve Banks.", "services": [ "Monetary policy", "Bank supervision", "Lender of last resort", "Payment systems", "Financial stability" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": null, "website": "https://www.federalreserve.gov", "description": "The central bank of the United States, established in 1913. It sets US monetary policy through the Federal Open Market Committee and supervises bank holding companies and many banks." }, { "id": "european-central-bank", "name": "European Central Bank", "legal_name": "European Central Bank", "type": "Central", "country": "european-union", "headquarters": "Frankfurt", "ownership": "Public institution", "founded": 1998, "regulator": "EU treaties (European Parliament oversight)", "license_note": "Established by the EU treaties as the central bank for the euro area; since 2014 it directly supervises significant euro-area banks through the Single Supervisory Mechanism.", "services": [ "Monetary policy", "Banking supervision (SSM)", "Payment systems (TARGET)", "Financial stability" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": null, "website": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu", "description": "The central bank for the euro, established in 1998 and based in Frankfurt. It conducts monetary policy for the euro area and directly supervises the region's largest banks." }, { "id": "bank-of-england", "name": "Bank of England", "legal_name": "Bank of England", "type": "Central", "country": "united-kingdom", "headquarters": "London", "ownership": "Public institution", "founded": 1694, "regulator": "UK Parliament (oversight)", "license_note": "Chartered in 1694 and nationalised in 1946; it houses the Prudential Regulation Authority, which supervises UK banks and insurers.", "services": [ "Monetary policy", "Prudential regulation (PRA)", "Banknote issuance", "Financial stability", "Payment systems (RTGS)" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": null, "website": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk", "description": "The central bank of the United Kingdom, founded in 1694 and one of the world's oldest central banks. It sets UK interest rates and, through the PRA, prudentially supervises banks." }, { "id": "bank-of-japan", "name": "Bank of Japan", "legal_name": "Bank of Japan", "type": "Central", "country": "japan", "headquarters": "Tokyo", "ownership": "Public institution", "founded": 1882, "regulator": "Japanese government (oversight)", "license_note": "Operates under the Bank of Japan Act as Japan's central bank, with the government holding a majority of its subscribed capital.", "services": [ "Monetary policy", "Banknote issuance", "Payment & settlement systems", "Financial stability" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": null, "website": "https://www.boj.or.jp", "description": "Japan's central bank, established in 1882. It conducts monetary policy, issues yen banknotes, and oversees the stability of Japan's financial system." }, { "id": "revolut", "name": "Revolut", "legal_name": "Revolut Group Holdings Ltd", "type": "Digital", "country": "united-kingdom", "headquarters": "London", "ownership": "Private", "founded": 2015, "regulator": "PRA / FCA", "license_note": "Received a UK banking licence with restrictions from the PRA in 2024; its EU banking operations run under a Lithuanian banking licence within the euro-area framework.", "services": [ "Current accounts", "Payments & FX", "Cards", "Trading & crypto", "Business accounts" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": null, "website": "https://www.revolut.com", "description": "A London-based fintech founded in 2015 that grew from a multi-currency card into a broad financial app with tens of millions of retail customers. It operates as a licensed bank in the EU and holds a UK banking licence granted in 2024." }, { "id": "n26", "name": "N26", "legal_name": "N26 Bank AG", "type": "Digital", "country": "germany", "headquarters": "Berlin", "ownership": "Private", "founded": 2013, "regulator": "BaFin", "license_note": "Holds a full German banking licence granted by BaFin in 2016.", "services": [ "Current accounts", "Cards", "Savings", "Payments" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": null, "website": "https://n26.com", "description": "A Berlin-based mobile bank founded in 2013 that offers app-first current accounts across European markets. It has operated under a full German banking licence since 2016." }, { "id": "nubank", "name": "Nubank", "legal_name": "Nu Holdings Ltd.", "type": "Digital", "country": "brazil", "headquarters": "São Paulo", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 2013, "regulator": "Central Bank of Brazil", "license_note": "Regulated by the Central Bank of Brazil, operating through authorised payment-institution and licensed financial-institution entities rather than a traditional full-service bank charter.", "services": [ "Digital accounts", "Credit cards", "Personal loans", "Investments", "Insurance" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": null, "website": "https://nubank.com.br", "description": "A São Paulo-based digital bank founded in 2013 that became the largest fintech bank in Latin America, serving customers in Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia. Its parent, Nu Holdings, listed on the NYSE in 2021." }, { "id": "monzo", "name": "Monzo", "legal_name": "Monzo Bank Ltd", "type": "Digital", "country": "united-kingdom", "headquarters": "London", "ownership": "Private", "founded": 2015, "regulator": "PRA / FCA", "license_note": "Holds a full UK banking licence granted by the PRA in 2017.", "services": [ "Current accounts", "Savings", "Lending", "Business accounts" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": null, "website": "https://monzo.com", "description": "A UK app-based bank founded in 2015, known for its coral-coloured cards and in-app budgeting tools. It has held a full UK banking licence since 2017 and serves millions of personal and business customers." }, { "id": "webank", "name": "WeBank", "legal_name": "WeBank Co., Ltd.", "type": "Digital", "country": "china", "headquarters": "Shenzhen", "ownership": "Private", "founded": 2014, "regulator": "NFRA (China)", "license_note": "Licensed in 2014 as China's first privately owned digital-only bank, with Tencent as its largest shareholder.", "services": [ "Consumer micro-loans", "SME lending", "Deposits", "Wealth products" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": null, "website": "https://www.webank.com", "description": "China's first private internet-only bank, launched in Shenzhen in 2014 with backing from Tencent. It focuses on micro-loans to consumers and small businesses at very large scale." }, { "id": "kakaobank", "name": "KakaoBank", "legal_name": "KakaoBank Corp.", "type": "Digital", "country": "south-korea", "headquarters": "Seongnam", "ownership": "Public (listed)", "founded": 2016, "regulator": "FSC / FSS (Korea)", "license_note": "Licensed as an internet-only bank in South Korea; it launched services in 2017 and listed on the Korea Exchange in 2021.", "services": [ "Current accounts", "Deposits & savings", "Loans", "Payments" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": null, "website": "https://www.kakaobank.com", "description": "A South Korean internet-only bank affiliated with the Kakao platform, launched in 2017 and quickly reaching tens of millions of customers. It listed on the Korea Exchange in 2021." }, { "id": "credit-agricole", "name": "Crédit Agricole", "legal_name": "Crédit Agricole S.A.", "type": "Cooperative", "country": "france", "headquarters": "Montrouge", "ownership": "Mutual / cooperative", "founded": 1894, "regulator": "ECB (SSM)", "license_note": "A cooperative group of regional mutual banks; its listed central entity, Crédit Agricole S.A., is majority-owned by the regional banks and the group is supervised by the ECB.", "services": [ "Retail banking", "Corporate & investment banking", "Asset management (Amundi)", "Insurance", "Consumer finance" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 2600, "website": "https://www.credit-agricole.com", "description": "One of the world's largest cooperative banking groups, rooted in French agricultural credit cooperatives founded in 1894. The group combines a network of regional mutual banks with listed central entity Crédit Agricole S.A." }, { "id": "rabobank", "name": "Rabobank", "legal_name": "Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A.", "type": "Cooperative", "country": "netherlands", "headquarters": "Utrecht", "ownership": "Mutual / cooperative", "founded": 1972, "regulator": "ECB (SSM)", "license_note": "Dutch cooperative bank supervised directly by the ECB under the Single Supervisory Mechanism, with De Nederlandsche Bank as the national authority.", "services": [ "Retail banking", "Food & agriculture finance", "Corporate banking", "Mortgages" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": 650, "website": "https://www.rabobank.com", "description": "A Dutch cooperative bank formed in 1972 from the merger of two cooperative banking associations with roots in the 1890s. It is a global leader in food and agriculture finance." }, { "id": "european-investment-bank", "name": "European Investment Bank", "legal_name": "European Investment Bank", "type": "Development", "country": "european-union", "headquarters": "Luxembourg", "ownership": "Public institution", "founded": 1958, "regulator": "EU member states (shareholders)", "license_note": "Established by the Treaty of Rome as the European Union's long-term lending institution, owned by the EU member states.", "services": [ "Long-term project lending", "Infrastructure finance", "Climate finance", "SME support (via EIF)" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": null, "website": "https://www.eib.org", "description": "The lending arm of the European Union, established in 1958 and owned by the member states. It finances infrastructure, climate, and innovation projects and is one of the world's largest multilateral lenders." }, { "id": "asian-development-bank", "name": "Asian Development Bank", "legal_name": "Asian Development Bank", "type": "Development", "country": "philippines", "headquarters": "Mandaluyong (Metro Manila)", "ownership": "Public institution", "founded": 1966, "regulator": "Member governments (Board of Governors)", "license_note": "A multilateral development bank established by international agreement in 1966, owned by its member governments.", "services": [ "Sovereign lending", "Private-sector finance", "Grants & technical assistance", "Co-financing" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": null, "website": "https://www.adb.org", "description": "A multilateral development bank founded in 1966 and headquartered in Metro Manila, owned by dozens of member countries. It finances development projects and policy programs across Asia and the Pacific." }, { "id": "pictet", "name": "Pictet", "legal_name": "Banque Pictet & Cie SA", "type": "Private", "country": "switzerland", "headquarters": "Geneva", "ownership": "Private", "founded": 1805, "regulator": "FINMA", "license_note": "A partner-owned Swiss private banking group; Banque Pictet & Cie SA holds a Swiss banking licence supervised by FINMA.", "services": [ "Wealth management", "Asset management", "Custody services", "Alternative investments" ], "total_assets_usd_bn": null, "website": "https://www.group.pictet", "description": "A Geneva-based private banking and asset management group founded in 1805 and still owned by its managing partners. It focuses on wealth management, asset management, and custody rather than lending or investment banking." } ] }