{ "data_version": "seed-0.1 · 2026-08-28", "source": "https://banking.foundation", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "disclaimer": "Approximate reference data; not real-time; not legal or investment advice.", "collection": "infrastructure", "count": 16, "data": [ { "id": "core-banking", "name": "Core Banking", "definition": "The system of record that maintains customer accounts, balances, products, and the general ledger, processing deposits, withdrawals, and interest calculations. It is the central platform other banking systems read from and write to, historically batch-based and increasingly cloud-native and API-driven.", "example_standards": [ "ISO 20022", "BIAN" ], "example_providers": [ "Temenos", "Thought Machine", "Mambu", "FIS" ], "agent_relevance": "With structured access to the core, an AI agent could query balances and product terms, reconcile ledger entries, and orchestrate account servicing tasks without screen-scraping legacy interfaces." }, { "id": "payments", "name": "Payments", "definition": "Handles the initiation, routing, clearing, and confirmation of money movement across rails such as ACH, SEPA, wires, and real-time payment networks. It translates between internal ledgers and external schemes, managing message formats, cut-off times, and returns.", "example_standards": [ "ISO 20022", "ISO 8583", "SWIFT gpi" ], "example_providers": [ "ACI Worldwide", "Form3", "Adyen", "Stripe" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could select the optimal rail for a given transfer, track payment status end-to-end, and automatically investigate failed or returned payments." }, { "id": "cards", "name": "Cards", "definition": "Covers card issuing and processing: creating physical and virtual cards, authorizing transactions in real time, and managing networks, interchange, and disputes. It connects the bank to card schemes such as Visa and Mastercard through issuer processors.", "example_standards": [ "PCI DSS", "EMV", "ISO 8583" ], "example_providers": [ "Marqeta", "Fiserv", "Global Payments", "i2c" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could issue scoped virtual cards, set and adjust spend controls programmatically, and triage authorization declines or disputes on behalf of customers." }, { "id": "accounts", "name": "Accounts", "definition": "Manages the lifecycle of customer accounts — opening, structuring, numbering, and closing — along with sub-ledgers, virtual accounts, and account metadata. Banking-as-a-service platforms expose this layer as APIs so third parties can embed accounts into their products.", "example_standards": [ "ISO 13616", "FDX API", "ISO 20022" ], "example_providers": [ "Unit", "Treasury Prime", "Synctera", "Modern Treasury" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could open and configure accounts, allocate virtual sub-accounts for specific purposes, and keep account records synchronized across connected systems." }, { "id": "identity", "name": "Identity", "definition": "Authenticates and authorizes users and systems, managing credentials, sessions, multi-factor authentication, and consent for data sharing. In open banking it also governs how third-party providers gain delegated access to customer accounts.", "example_standards": [ "OpenID Connect", "OAuth 2.0", "FAPI" ], "example_providers": [ "Okta", "Ping Identity", "Auth0", "ForgeRock" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could act on a customer's behalf through delegated, scoped credentials, with every action tied to an auditable consented identity rather than shared passwords." }, { "id": "kyc-kyb", "name": "KYC / KYB", "definition": "Verifies the identity of individuals (Know Your Customer) and the legitimacy of businesses (Know Your Business) at onboarding and on an ongoing basis. It combines document verification, database checks, beneficial-ownership resolution, and risk scoring before an account is approved.", "example_standards": [ "FATF Recommendations", "eIDAS" ], "example_providers": [ "Alloy", "Onfido", "Jumio", "Middesk" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could assemble and pre-validate onboarding evidence, resolve beneficial-ownership structures, and route only genuinely ambiguous cases to human reviewers." }, { "id": "aml", "name": "AML", "definition": "Monitors transactions and customer behavior for money-laundering and terrorist-financing patterns, screening against sanctions and politically-exposed-person lists. It generates alerts and supports the filing of regulatory reports such as suspicious activity reports.", "example_standards": [ "FATF Recommendations" ], "example_providers": [ "NICE Actimize", "ComplyAdvantage", "Napier", "Chainalysis" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could enrich and pre-investigate AML alerts with contextual data, drastically reducing false-positive workload while documenting its reasoning for auditors." }, { "id": "fraud", "name": "Fraud", "definition": "Detects and prevents unauthorized or deceptive activity — account takeover, payment fraud, scams, and synthetic identities — using device signals, behavioral biometrics, and real-time scoring. It sits inline on transactions and logins, deciding to approve, challenge, or block within milliseconds.", "example_standards": [ "3-D Secure", "PSD2 SCA" ], "example_providers": [ "Feedzai", "BioCatch", "Sift", "Forter" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could correlate fraud signals across channels in real time, explain why a transaction was flagged, and adapt friction dynamically instead of applying blanket blocks." }, { "id": "risk", "name": "Risk", "definition": "Measures and manages credit, market, liquidity, and operational risk, feeding capital adequacy calculations, stress tests, and exposure limits. It aggregates positions and counterparty data so the bank can price risk and satisfy prudential requirements.", "example_standards": [ "Basel III", "IFRS 9", "BCBS 239" ], "example_providers": [ "Moody's Analytics", "SAS", "Oracle Financial Services" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could run on-demand scenario analyses, monitor limit utilization continuously, and surface emerging concentrations of risk before they breach thresholds." }, { "id": "lending", "name": "Lending", "definition": "Runs the credit lifecycle: origination, underwriting, decisioning, servicing, and collections for products from consumer loans to commercial credit. It combines application data, credit bureau inputs, and scoring models to price and approve loans.", "example_standards": [ "MISMO" ], "example_providers": [ "nCino", "Blend", "LoanPro", "Zest AI" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could pre-assemble underwriting files, explain credit decisions to applicants, and proactively manage servicing events like modifications or delinquency outreach." }, { "id": "treasury", "name": "Treasury", "definition": "Manages the bank's own liquidity, funding, cash positions, and interest-rate exposure across currencies and entities. It forecasts cash flows, executes funding decisions, and ensures obligations can be met as they fall due.", "example_standards": [ "ISO 20022", "SWIFT gpi" ], "example_providers": [ "Finastra", "Moody's", "FIS" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could maintain a continuously updated cash-position forecast, flag funding gaps early, and propose optimized intraday liquidity allocations." }, { "id": "settlement", "name": "Settlement", "definition": "Finalizes the transfer of funds and securities between institutions, achieving finality through mechanisms such as real-time gross settlement, netting, and delivery-versus-payment. Financial market infrastructures operate this layer and manage the associated counterparty risk.", "example_standards": [ "ISO 20022", "PFMI" ], "example_providers": [ "CLS", "DTCC", "Euroclear", "Clearstream" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could track settlement status across venues, predict and resolve fails before deadlines, and reconcile settled positions against internal ledgers automatically." }, { "id": "custody", "name": "Custody", "definition": "Safekeeps client assets — securities, cash, and increasingly digital assets — handling asset servicing tasks such as corporate actions, income collection, and proxy voting. Custodians maintain segregated records of ownership distinct from the bank's own balance sheet.", "example_standards": [ "ISO 20022", "SOC 2" ], "example_providers": [ "BNY", "State Street", "Fireblocks", "BitGo" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could monitor corporate actions and entitlement deadlines across custodied portfolios and initiate instructed responses within governed policy limits." }, { "id": "compliance", "name": "Compliance", "definition": "Ensures the bank's activities conform to laws, regulations, and internal policies, covering regulatory reporting, communications surveillance, and policy management. It tracks regulatory change and evidences adherence to supervisors during examinations.", "example_standards": [ "Basel III", "GDPR" ], "example_providers": [ "Wolters Kluwer", "NICE Actimize", "Smarsh", "Behavox" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could map new regulatory texts to affected policies and controls, draft impact assessments, and assemble examination-ready evidence packs on demand." }, { "id": "data", "name": "Data", "definition": "Aggregates, governs, and distributes the bank's data — transactions, customers, reference data — across warehouses, lakes, and APIs for analytics and open-banking sharing. Data quality, lineage, and access controls in this layer determine what every other layer can trust.", "example_standards": [ "BCBS 239", "FDX API", "ISO 20022" ], "example_providers": [ "Snowflake", "Databricks", "Plaid" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could answer complex questions over governed banking data with lineage-aware citations, instead of relying on stale extracts or manual report requests." }, { "id": "security", "name": "Security", "definition": "Protects banking systems and data through encryption, key management, hardware security modules, network defense, and threat detection. It underpins every other layer, since payment credentials, keys, and customer data are primary attack targets.", "example_standards": [ "ISO 27001", "NIST Cybersecurity Framework", "PCI DSS" ], "example_providers": [ "Thales", "Entrust", "CrowdStrike", "Palo Alto Networks" ], "agent_relevance": "An AI agent could correlate security telemetry with banking context to triage incidents, verify control coverage, and rotate or revoke credentials the moment compromise is suspected." } ] }